for characters. It often can symbolize the emotional state of characters. Example – In Poe’s
The Fall of the House of Usher, the crumbling old mansion reflects the decaying state of
both the family and the narrator’s mind. We also see this type of emphasis on setting in
Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice.
II. Symbolism - When an object is meant to be representative of something or an idea greater than the
object itself.
III. Tone/Mood - The implied attitude towards the subject of the poem. Is it hopeful, pessimistic,
dreary, worried? A poet conveys tone by combining all of the elements listed above
to create a precise impression on the reader.
IV. Character - Representation of a person, place, or thing performing traditionally human activities or
functions in a work of fiction
* Protagonist - The character the story revolves around.
* Antagonist - A character or force that opposes the protagonist.
* Minor character - Often provides support and illuminates the protagonist.
* Static character - A character that remains the same.
* Dynamic character - A character that changes in some important way.
* Characterization - The choices an author makes to reveal a character’s personality,
such as appearance, actions, dialogue, and motivations.
V. Theme - The main idea or underlying meaning of the literary work
VI. Conflict - The struggle within the story between characters, events, etc.
- Man vs Man
- Man vs Society
- Man vs Nature
- Man vs Outside Force
- Man vs Himself
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